培根的论读书 全文
培根-论读书-中英文对照
Of Study (论读书)
STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man\’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\’ cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.
读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。
培根《谈读书》是从哪几个方面谈读书的?
主要是三个方面:1.阐述读书的正确目的.2.阐述读书的方法.3.阐述读书能塑造人的性格和弥补精神上的缺陷
《谈读书》[英]培根
水天同译文
论 学 问读书为学的用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。在娱乐上学问的主要的用处是幽居养静;在装饰上学问的用处是辞令;在长才上学问的用处是对于事务的判断和处理。因为富于经验的人善于实行,也许能够对个别的事情一件一件地加以判断;但是最好的有关大体的议论和对事务的计划与布置,乃是从有学问的人来的。在学问上费时过多是偷懒;把学问过于用作装饰是虚假;完全依学问上的规则而断事是书生的怪癖。学问锻炼天性,而其本身又受经验的锻炼;盖人的天赋有如野生的花草,他们需要学问的修剪;而学问的本身,若不受经验的限制,则其所指示的未免过于笼统。多诈的人渺视学问,愚鲁的人羡慕学问,聪明的人运用学问;因为学问的本身并不教人如何用它们;这种运用之道乃是学问以外,学问以上的一种智能,是由观察体会才能得到的。不要为了辩驳而读书,也不要为了信仰与盲从;也不要为了言谈与议论;要以能权衡轻重、审察事理为目的。
有些书可供一尝,有些书可以吞下,有不多的几部书则应当咀嚼消化;这就是说,有些书只要读读他们的一部分就够了,有些书可以全读,但是不必过于细心地读;还有不多的几部书则应当全读,勤读,而且用心地读。有些书也可以请代表去读,并且由别人替我作出摘要来;但是这种办法只适于次要的议论和次要的书籍;否则录要的书就和蒸馏的水一样,都是无味的东西。阅读使人充实,会谈使人敏捷,写作与笔记使人精确。因此,如果一个人写得很少,那末他就必须有很好的记性;如果他很少与人会谈,那么他就必须有很敏捷的机智;并且假如他读书读得很少的话,那么他就必须要有很大的狡黠之才,才可以强不知以为知。史鉴使人明智;诗歌使人巧慧;数学使人精细;博物使人深沉;伦理之学使人庄重;逻辑与修辞使人善辩。“学问变化气质”。不特如此,精神上的缺陷没有一种是不能由相当的学问来补救的:就如同肉体上各种的病患都有适当的运动来治疗似的。踢球有益于结石和肾脏;射箭有益于胸肺;缓步有益于胃;骑马有益于头脑;诸如此类。同此,如果一个人心志不专,他顶好研究数学;因为在数学的证理之中,如果他的精神稍有不专,他就非从头再做不可。如果他的精神不善于辨别异同,那么他最好研究经院学派的著作,因为这一派的学者是条分缕析的人;如果他不善于推此知彼,旁征博引,他顶好研究律师们的案卷。如此看来,精神上各种的缺陷都可以有一种专门的补救之方了。
培根-论读书-中英文对照
Of Study (论读书)
STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man\’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\’ cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.
译文:
读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。
培根的《谈读书》概括主要内容
《谈读书》首先说的是读书的三种功用,即:怡情、傅彩和长才。
“怡情”使人即使独处幽居也可不失生活的情趣,“傅彩”使人善于言辨或烘托气氛,“长才”则使人圆观周览,于待人、接物、进业,更加精熟完满。其次,文章谈如何读书。书有好坏优劣,开卷未必有益,因此颇需区别对待:有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,多数只需大体浏览,少数则须认真阅读、仔细消化。再次,是说书犹镜子,可以映照出多种人生样态,狡黠者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯有明智者读书,既能入乎其中,又能出乎其外,将立身处世、做人之道与书本中传递出来的人生智慧和经验结合起来,修饰剪裁,去留取舍,全在一心,所谓“用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之”。第四,是说书如良药,可以疗治各种心智缺陷。不同书籍,各有专能,史使人明智,诗使人灵秀,科学使人深刻,逻辑使人善辨,所以,读书也应因人而异,正如治病理当对症下药一般。
此外,人只能在某一有限时空之中生存,故其人其书总难免缺漏之处,后人站在前人肩上,往往在某些方面能够超越前人,但是前人筚路蓝缕的开创之功,永远不可鄙薄。因此,文章还提醒我们,读书时虽不可尽信书上之言,然而也不能存心诘难作者。批判的阅读精神正应落实到宽容的接受态度上,二者相辅相成,不可或缺。最后,此文还有一可书之处,即其文风简练,措辞精到,与其思想稳健警辟的特点恰好相配,王佐良先生的译文雅驯流畅,凝炼干净,是译界公认的一流译品。总之,斯人、斯文、斯译使《谈读书》完全属于培根自己所说的少数值得仔细品味、认真消化的作品之列。 56
培根随笔中的论读书一文,是培根谈论 的一片议论文
是培根谈论 读书的重要性 的一篇议论文.读书足以 怡情 ,足以 傅彩 ,足以 长才.读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻
培根谈读书 名句赏析
《谈读书》是一篇名文,文章中的许多精彩语段,如“读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩”等,都已经成为人们熟悉的格言警句。它主要谈论了读书的益处。围绕这一中心话题,又谈了读书要与经验互补,要讲究读书的方法,要根据不同的性格和需要做不同的选择等相关问题。文章是从三个层面来展开论述的:
首先,从开头到“全凭观察得之”止,谈读书的益处。作者开篇直接点题,认为读书有三大益处:怡情、傅彩和长才。然后从正面对它们分别加以阐述,可谓要言不繁。随后话锋一转,又从反面指出在求知上可能出现的误区,即“读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态不可”。
其次,谈读书的方法(从“读书时不可存心诘难作者”到“始能无知而显有知”)。他主张对不同的书应分别采取选读、通读、精读等不同方法,且读书应当和作笔记、作文相结合,学以致用;还应根据个人性情、需要分别对待。
最后,作者援引古罗马诗人奥维德的一个重要观点,即“学问改变气质”(王佐良译作“凡有所学,皆成性格”),这实际上是从另一个角度对读书的益处加以强调和提升,使文章的立论更加完整,论证更加严密,写法上又前后呼应。
论读书 培根的提纲
《培根随笔》:《培根随笔》为英国十七世纪著名思想家,政治家和经验主义哲学家弗兰西斯·培根所著.本书分为《论求知》,《论美》,《论善》,《论真理》,《论健康》,《论家庭》,《论友谊》等多篇随笔.
培根随笔在《论求知》中,培根说道:”人的天性犹如野生的花草,求知学习好比修剪移栽.”可见求知可以改变人的命运,在我们的一生中是相当重要的。
从 《培根随笔集》的 “论真理”、“论死亡”、“论人的天性”等篇章中,可以看到一个热爱哲学的培根。从“论高官”、“论王权”、“论野心”等篇章中,可以看到一个热衷于政治,深谙官场运作的培根。从“论爱情”、“论友情”、“论婚姻与独身”等篇章中,可以看到一个富有生活情趣的培根。从“论逆境”、“论幸运”、“论残疾”等篇章中,可以看到一个自强不息的培根。从“论作伪与掩饰”、“论言谈”等篇章中,可以看到一个工于心计、老于世故的培根。
内容主要是一些议论性质的短文,主要讲叙培根在不同的角度看待事物的态度和想法。内容涉及到政治、经济、宗教、爱情、婚姻,友谊,艺术,教育,伦理等许多方面,其中有《谈读书》《论真理》《论嫉妒》《论死亡》《论美》等著名篇章。是培根文学方面的代表作,语言简洁文笔优美,说理透彻,警句迭出,蕴含着培根的思想精华。
该书1597年出版时只有10篇文章,1612年出版增至38篇,1625年版增至58篇,培根逝世31年后的1657年Rawel将培根未完成的随笔《论谣言》作为第59篇收入最终构成了今天流行的版本。 培根随笔是英国十七世纪著名思想家、政治家和经验主义哲学家弗兰西斯·培根所著。这位被马克思称之为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”的科学家,出生于豪门,自修获得律师资格并步入政界,几经波折后成为了国家重臣,最后又因一桩受贿案被国会弹劾去职。《培根随笔》主要讲叙培根在不同的角度看待事物的态度和想法。本书的内容涉及到政治、经济、宗教、爱情、婚姻、友谊、艺术、教育和伦理等,对于各种方面的内容培根都写出了自己的想法,从字里行间透露出培根的人生态度和处事方式。
培根《谈读书》
近代意义上的英国民族历史为时不长,然而自乔叟以来,英国文学的名篇佳构却层出不穷,各类文体领域均有大家屹立。不过,假如有人问:哪一种文类最能代表英国的民族气质和民族性格呢?那么,我个人倾向于选择“随笔”这一文类。随笔的写作更多地是人生阅历、智慧学养、情感性灵的自然流露,人为的痕迹很少,所以,我们若要了解英国人的秉性,那就有条捷径可走——读英国随笔。这里我愿意再聊聊随笔名家培根的名作《谈读书》。 弗兰西斯·培根生于伦敦一贵族家庭。他天纵奇才,12岁便入剑桥大学研习神学、法学及经院哲学,毕业后去英国驻法国使馆供职。1597年返回英国,此后在英国政界却饱经炎凉世态,摸爬滚打了20年。然而政坛险恶,风云难测,他在1621年卷入了一桩宫廷阴谋,遂被罢黜,从此专研学术。1626年因做低温防腐实验而不慎受寒致病,离开了人间是非之地。除了哲学和自然科学方面的贡献,他所撰写的随笔也因透彻警辟、幽默隽永、意趣盎然和风格独具而享有了世界性的声誉。 《谈读书》首先说的是读书的三种功用,即:怡情、傅彩和长才。 “怡情”使人即使独处幽居也可不失生活的情趣,“傅彩”使人善于言辨或烘托气氛,“长才”则使人圆观周览,于待人、接物、进业,更加精熟完满。其次,文章谈如何读书。书有好坏优劣,开卷未必有益,因此颇需区别对待:有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,多数只需大体浏览,少数则须认真阅读、仔细消化。再次,是说书犹镜子,可以映照出多种人生样态,狡黠者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯有明智者读书,既能入乎其中,又能出乎其外,将立身处世、做人之道与书本中传递出来的人生智慧和经验结合起来,修饰剪裁,去留取舍,全在一心,所谓“用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之”。第四,是说书如良药,可以疗治各种心智缺陷。不同书籍,各有专能,史使人明智,诗使人灵秀,科学使人深刻,逻辑使人善辨,所以,读书也应因人而异,正如治病理当对症下药一般。 此外,人只能在某一有限时空之中生存,故其人其书总难免缺漏之处,后人站在前人肩上,往往在某些方面能够超越前人,但是前人筚路蓝缕的开创之功,永远不可鄙薄。因此,文章还提醒我们,读书时虽不可尽信书上之言,然而也不能存心诘难作者。批判的阅读精神正应落实到宽容的接受态度上,二者相辅相成,不可或缺。最后,此文还有一可书之处,即其文风简练,措辞精到,与其思想稳健警辟的特点恰好相配,王佐良先生的译文雅驯流畅,凝炼干净,是译界公认的一流译品。总之,斯人、斯文、斯译使《谈读书》完全属于培根自己所说的少数值得仔细品味、认真消化的作品之列。
关于培根的《谈读书》!急~~在线等!
1、浅尝辄止、囫囵吞枣、细嚼慢咽 2、题材较次或价值不高、对自己怡情傅彩长才(人生)意义不大的书只需读部分甚至不读,题材略高、对自身有一定重要性的最好大体涉猎,题材很好、有足以充实自己人生的、足以怡情傅彩长才的需全读并仔细阅读.这三层实际上同上面三个成语也是一一对应的.
培根论读书的经典句
培根-论读书
读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。